农村不同排污方式水质调查与治污新策略

目前全国各地正在积极推进农村生活污水整治工作,为了该项工作能够合理选用最佳排污方式即污水收集方式,选取厦门某个亟待整治的村庄,针对该村3种不同排污方式即污水经PVC管道排放、排水沟排放和荒地排放,开展了水质调查。调查结果表明,从荒地排出的污水水质最好,经简单沉淀后有望满足农田灌溉标准;其次是硬化排水沟;水质最差的是PVC管道。基于该调查结果,提出农村污水整治工作应改变目前简单效仿城市采用管道排污的思维,建议充分利用农村中现有荒地这种天然土壤渗滤系统;充分利用农村现有排水沟进行排污以便沿程削减污染物质,应尽量避免新建排污管网。最后,本文还提出一种治污新措施即集生态景观与"渗、蓄、滞、净、排"功能于一体的LID新型排水沟。

Water quality survey for different drainage ways of sewage and new strategy for pollution control in rural areas

At present,rural sewage treatment is being actively promoted throughout the country. In order to select the reasonable way of sewage drainage namely sweage collection, a village in Xiang''an District of Xiamen City with an urgent need of sewage treatment is selected to conduct water quality surveys for comparing the effects of three representative ways of sewage discharge,namely PVC pipe discharge,ditch discharge and wasteland discharge. The survey results show that the water quality for the sewage from the wasteland is the best,and it is expected to meet the irrigation standard after simple sedimentation; and the second is the sewage from the ditch and the worst water quality is that from the PVC pipe. Based on the survey results, it is proposed that the rural sewage treatment work should change the current thinking of simply following the example of urban adopting pipeline. It is suggested to make full use of the existing rural wasteland which is a natural soil infiltration system,make full use of existing drainage ditch and avoid as much as possible to build new pipeline system for sewage drainage in rual areas. Finally,the paper also proposes a new sewage purification measure which is a new LID-type ditch integrating the function of ecological landscape and the functions of"infiltration,storage,detention,purification and drainage".