Speed of sound and isentropic bulk modulus of alkyl monoesters at elevated temperatures and pressures |
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Authors: | Mustafa?Ertunc?Tat Email author" target="_blank">Jon?H?Van?GerpenEmail author |
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Affiliation: | (1) Iowa State University, 50011 Ames, Iowa;(2) Mechanical Engineering Dept., Black Engineering Bldg., 50011 Ames, IA |
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Abstract: | Biodiesel is a biodegradable, sulfur-free, oxygenated, and renewable alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters
of FA from vegetable oils and animal fats. Biodiesel can be used in existing diesel engines without significant modifications.
However, differences in physical properties between biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel fuel may change the engine's fuel
injection timing and combustion characteristics. These altered physical and chemical properties also may cause the exhaust
emissions and performance to differ from the optimized settings chosen by the engine manufacturer. In particular, the density,
speed of sound, and isentropic bulk modulus have a significant effect on the fuel injection system and combustion. The objective
of this study was to measure these three properties for biodiesel (and the pure esters that are the constituents of biodiesel)
at temperatures from 20 to 100°C and at pressures from atmospheric to 32.5 MPa. Ten different biodiesel fuels, 16 different
pure FA esters, three hydrocarbons, and one diesel fuel were tested. The measured values of density, speed of sound, and isentropic
bulk modulus are presented. Correlations between pressure and temperature are demonstrated. Speed of sound and isentropic
bulk modulus tend to increase as the degree of unsaturation increases and as the chain length increases. However, density
increased with shorter chain length and decreased with saturation. |
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Keywords: | Alkyl esters biodiesel bulk modulus compressibility density diesel engine diesel fuel fuel injection physical properties speed of sound |
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