新疆人工弯道式引水枢纽的设计与运行

新疆河流多系山溪性多沙内陆河,其特点是河床纵坡陡,洪枯流量变化大,含沙量大,推移质泥沙占年总输沙量的20%左右.为了解决引水与排沙的矛盾,采用人工弯道式引水枢纽,使其产生横向环流,因而上层清水主流靠近凹岸的进水闸,底层水挟带了泥沙和推移质向凸岸移动,最后从排沙闸排出.实践证明:这种正面引水,侧面排沙的人工弯道式引水枢纽的设计适合新疆河流特点.

Design of artificial bend-type water diversion headworks and operation

The most of the rivers in Xinjiang Autonomous Region are mountainous inland ones, characterized by steep river bed slope, large discharge variation between dry and flood seasons, large sediment content and with bed load amounting to 20% of the total annual sediment transport volume. In order to solve the contradiction of water diversion and sediment discharge, the artificial bend-type water diversion headworks is adopted to produce transverse circulation. The main stream of top clear water flows toward the intake gate on concave bank and the bottom sediment-carrying flow and bed load move toward convex bank and are discharged from flushing sluice. The experience demonstrated that this kind of artificial bend-type water diversion headworks with water diversion from frontage and sediment flushing from sideway is suitable to the river features in Xinjiang Autonomous Region.