Semiochemicals from bark beetles: New results,remarks, and reflections |
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Authors: | Wittko Francke Jochen Bartels Holger Meyer Frank Schröder Ulrich Kohnle Ernst Baader Jean Pierre Vité |
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Affiliation: | (1) Institut fur Organische Chemie der Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany;(2) Forstzoologisches Institut der Universität Freiburg, Fohrenbühl 25-27, D-79252 Stegen-Wittental, Germany |
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Abstract: | A brief survey is given about recent results in the identification of semiochemicals in bark beetles: Males ofIps sexdentatus (Boern.), stressed by the attack on resinous trees produce large amounts of 3(S)-1-methyl-5-(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-cyclohexa-1,3-diene. The compound appears to be derived from 3-carene and acts as a repellent. Males ofIps typographus (L.), stressed through the attack on unsuitable host material release 3-methyl-7-methylene-1,3(E), 8-nonatriene, which seems to act as a repellent. The odor bouquet of three species ofPityogenes is described. The occurrence of (+)-grandisol and other compounds related to weevil pheromones points to a close relation between Scolytidae and Curculionidae. Females ofDendroctonus simplex (Le Conte) use (–)-frontalin as the main pheromone. 6-Methyl-6-hepten-2-one, a minor component among the volatile compounds released by the females, is regarded as a possible precursor of frontalin. Similarly, (2R,5S)-2(1-hydroxyl-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran, pityol, a pheromone ofPityophthorus spp., is regarded to at least share a common biogenetic precursor with 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, sulcatol. A new bicylic acetal, 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo3.2.1]octane, is described as an aggregation pheromone of the beech bark beetle,Taphrorychus bicolor (Herbst). Structural relationships between bark beetle pheromones and plant volatiles are discussed. |
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Keywords: | Bark beetle identification pheromone Dendroctonus Ips Pityogenes Pityophthorus Taphrorychus |
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