水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角精油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料，选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验，比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率，测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量，计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间，且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间，不同的蒸馏时间极显著（P < 0.01）影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著（P < 0.05），不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响（P > 0.05）。以提取率和提取量为参数，水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为: 八角粉碎粒度40目，浸泡32 h，料液比1:10，蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。

Study on the process parameters of extracting star anise oil by steam distillation

Study on the process parameters of extracting star anise oil by steam distillation Yu Caiyun Yang Zaibin* Jiang Shuzhen ( College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018) Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the optimum process parameters of extracting essential oil of star anise from the fruits of Illicium verum Hook.f by steam distillation. Experiment using star anise fruits that was randomly allocated to 4 factors (particle size, soaking time, solid-liquid ratio, distillation time) with 3 levels with the method of orthogonal experiment was conducted to assess extraction efficiency of star anise oil, content of trans-anethole in the oil and extraction yield. The factor affecting the extraction rate of star anise oil in sequence was distillation time> particle size> solid-liquid ratio > soaking time. The extraction efficiency of star anise oil was affected (P < 0.05) by particle size, solid-liquid ratio and distillation time. The factor affecting the trans-anethole content of star anise oil in sequence was distillation time > particle size > solid-liquid ratio > soaking time, the content of trans-anethole of star anise essential oil was affected (P < 0.01) by distillation time. The particle size and distillation time had significant effects (P < 0.05) on extraction yield of star anise oil, but the yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by soaking time and solid-liquid time. Results indicated that the optimum technological parameters from the extraction rate and yield were as follows: particle size 40 mesh, soaking 32 h, solid-liquid ratio 1:10, and distillating 3 h as result of extraction rate and yield. Particle size, soaking time, solid-liquid ratio and distillation time had effects on extraction efficiency of star anise oil, content of trans-anethole in the oil and extraction yield inordinately.