磷酸盐无机涂料及其研究进展

磷酸盐涂料是在磷酸盐粘结剂中添加金属及金属氧化物骨料而形成的一种水性无机涂料。由于磷酸盐涂料固化后所形成的涂层具有机械强度高、防护性能好以及与基体附着力高等优点,已广泛应用于航天、航海以及汽车等工业领域。相比于金属涂层和有机涂层,磷酸盐涂料因其独特的优势而日益受到越来越多的关注。介绍了磷酸盐无机涂料及其组成,并综述了其在腐蚀防护、耐磨减摩、耐高温隔热等领域的应用。首先,详细阐述了粘结剂、固化剂、骨料等组分在涂料中的作用,同时对各组分的研究进展进行了论述。随后,报道了国内外有关的磷酸盐涂料固化成膜理论,分析了磷酸盐在高温和常温条件下的成膜机制。然后,针对磷酸盐涂料所存在的固化温度高、脆性大、韧性差、表面易存在缺陷等不足,总结了有机溶剂、缓凝剂、硅溶胶、石墨烯等对磷酸盐涂料的改性研究。最后,展望了磷酸盐涂料的发展趋势,指出常温易固化涂料配方的开发以及发展有机-无机复合涂层将会是今后研究的重点。

Phosphate Inorganic Coating and Its Research Progress

Phosphate coating is a kind of water-based inorganic coating formed by adding metal and metal oxide into phosphate binders. Due to the advantages of high mechanical strength, good protective performance and high adhesion to the substrate, warm hardened phosphate coating has been widely used in aerospace, navigation, automobile and other industrial fields. Compared with the metal coating and organic coating, phosphate coating has attracted more and more attention due to their unique advantages. The components of phosphate inorganic coating were introduced, and its applications in corrosion protection, anti-abrasion, friction reduction, and heat insulation were summarized. Firstly, the functions of binder, curing agent and aggregate in coatings were described in detail, and the research progress of each component was also discussed. Then, the theory of phosphate coating curing at home and abroad was reported, and the film forming mechanism at high temperature and room temperature was analyzed. Afterwards, in view of the shortcomings of the phosphate coating, such as high curing temperature, high brittleness, poor toughness and surface defects, the modification treated by organic solvents, retarders, silica sol and graphene was summarized. Finally, the development tendency of the phosphate coating was prospected, and it was pointed out that the preparation of curable coatings at room temperature and organic-inorganic composite coatings would be the focus of future research.