从废旧三元锂离子电池中回收有价金属的新工艺研究

废旧三元锂离子电池经过放电、焙烧、破碎、筛分等预处理方法分离出电池活性物质、集流体与钢壳，再采用H2SO4-Na2SO3对废电池粉料（活性物质）进行浸出，浸出液调节pH至4.5，过滤以除去铁和铝，滤液再调pH至11左右，将锂和镍钴锰分离，得到的锂液经过浓缩后加入Na2CO3得到工业级的LiCO3，在镍钴锰富集物中加入氨水将锰和镍钴分离，最后使用P507分离镍和钴，在相比O/A=1，平衡pH=4.5，有机相组成为25% P507 75%溶剂油，经二级逆流萃取后钴的萃取率为99.3%。使用200 g/L硫酸为反萃剂，相比为5时，钴的回收率达99.21%。反萃液使用草酸铵沉钴，萃余液中的镍采用氢氧化钠沉淀，整个工艺流程中钴的回收率为91.82%，镍的回收率为91.12%。

New Process to Recover Valuable Metals from Spent Ternary Lithium-Ion Batteries

Spent ternary lithium-ion batteries were pre-treated by discharge, roasting, crushing and sieving to separate active materials, current collectors, and battery can. Spent battery powders (active materials) were leached by H2SO4-Na2SO3. Al3 and Fe2 were removed from lixivium by adjusting pH value to 4.5. Lithium was separated from filtrate with nickel, cobalt and manganese by adjusting pH value to about 11. Industrial grade Li2CO3 was obtained from lithium-bearing solution by concentration and addition of Na2CO3. Manganese was separated from nickel, cobalt and manganese concentrates with addition of ammonia. Nickel and cobalt can be separated by solvent extraction with P507. Two-stage counter-current extraction rate of cobalt is 99.3% under the conditions including O/A=1, equilibrium pH value of 4.5, and organic phase of 25% saponified P507 75% miscella. Cobalt stripping rate is 99.21% under O/A=5 and 200 g/L sulfuric acid. Cobalt was chemically deposited by oxalate from strip liquor. Nickel in raffinate was precipitated by sodium hydroxide. Recovery rate of cobalt and nickel in whole process is 91.82% and 91.12% respectively.