高粱原花青素对生长育肥猪抗氧化、免疫以及养分消化率的影响

研究高粱原花青素(sorghum procyanidins,SPC)对生长育肥猪生长性能、养分消化率、消化酶活性、免疫力和抗氧化能力的影响。160头70日龄、平均体重为(31. 28±1. 12) kg的杜×长×大三元杂交猪,按照单因素完全随机设计分为4个组,分别饲喂玉米-豆粕基础日粮,以及基础日粮中添加100、150、200 mg/kg SPC。实验期为14周,生长期和育肥期各7周。在每个实验阶段开始和结束时称重,每天记录采食量,计算各阶段平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)和料重比(F/G)。在每个实验阶段的最后3 d,收集粪样测养分消化率。在每个实验阶段结束时,采血测血清抗氧化指数和免疫参数,同时,每个重复随机屠宰2头猪,取胰腺组织,测消化酶活性。结果表明,日粮添加SPC对生长育肥猪的生长性能没有显著的促进作用(P 0. 05)。在生长猪阶段,日粮添加150 mg/kg和200 mg/kg SPC显著降低了消化酶的活性,对养分消化率有降低的趋势。在育肥猪阶段,日粮添加150 mg/kg显著提高了粗蛋白的表观消化率(P 0. 05),200 mg/kg SPC显著地抑制了消化酶的活性(P 0. 05)。与对照组相比,不论是在生长期还是育肥期,添加150 mg/kg或200 mg/kg的SPC均显著地增强了猪血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P 0. 05),降低了血清丙二醛(MDA)浓度(P 0. 05),提高了猪血清IgG、IgM和白细胞介素2(IL-2)的浓度(P 0. 05)。总之,SPC有利于提高生长育肥猪抗氧化能力,增强免疫力,但是对于生长育肥猪的生长性能及养分消化率没有显著的促进作用,相反,高浓度的SPC甚至抑制了消化酶的活性,从而影响养分的消化利用。

Effects of sorghum procyanidins (SPC) on antioxidant property, immunity and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs.

The trial was conducted to investigate effects of sorghum procyanidins (SPC) on growth?performance, nutrient digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, immunity and antioxidant property in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 160 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshine of 70 d of age (body weight, 31.28±1.12 kg) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups and fed a basal corn-soybean meal diet (BD), and BD + 100, 150, 200 mg/kg SPC respectively. The trial lasted 14 weeks. The growing period and the fattening period were seven weeks respectively. The body weight of pigs was recorded at the beginning and end of each trial phase, and the feed intake was recorded daily. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed/gain ratio (F:G) in each period were calculated. Feces were collected for 3 consecutive days at the end of the experiment of each trial period to determin the nutrient digestibility. Blood samples were collected at the end of each test phase for the measurement of serum immune parameters and antioxidant indices. two piglets per pen were slaughtered and pancreas were collected for measurement of digestive enzyme activities. The results indicated that dietary SPC supplementation did not exert significant effects on growth?performance in growing-finishing pigs (P>0.05). At the growing period, the activities of digestive enzymes reduced significantly and the nutrient digestibility showed a downward trend due to the supplementation of SPC at concentrations of 150 or 200 mg/kg. At the fattening period, SPC supplementation at concentrations of 150 mg/kg enhanced the apparent digestibility of crude protein observably, whereas SPC supplementation at concentrations of 200 mg/kg inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes significantly. Either at the growing period or fattening period, pigs offered diets supplemented with SPC at doses of 150 or 200 mg/kg produced stronger (P<0.05) serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and lower (P<0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content, generated higher (P<0.05) serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM and interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentrations than those fed basal diet. In conclusion, SPC was beneficial?to improve antioxidant capacity, enhance immunity in growing-finishing pigs. However, administration of SPC in growing-finishing pigs diet did not exert a significant?promoting?role on the growth performance. Instead,?high concentration of SPC even inhibited the activities of digestive enzymes, thus affecting nutrient digestion and utilization.