原油脱盐脱水方法进展概述

随着对石油资源需求的不断增长和原油开采力度的加大,国内外原油重质化、劣质化趋势日益加剧,原油加工难度增大。尤其是随着所开采原油含盐含水量的增加,给原油的加工和利用带来一定的危害,炼油业迫切需要提高原油的脱盐脱水效率,提高原油的预处理效果。本文在介绍原油含盐含水危害的基础上,系统地介绍了常用的原油脱盐脱水方法,如电化学法、沉降法、过滤法、微波辐射法、声化学法等等。

Research Progress on Crude Oil Desalting and Dehydration

With the increasing demand of petroleum resources and exploitation strength increase, the crude oil becoming heavier and worse, processing difficulty at home and abroad. It would bring about some harmful results for processing and using of crude oil, especially with the increasing of salt and water in crude oil. The oil refining enterprises are eager to increase pretreatment levels and promote processing property of crude. The paper systematically describes the method of desalting and dehydration （such as electrochemical method, sedimentation method, filtration method, microwave method, ultrasonic chemistry method, and so on） on the basis of introducing hazard of salt and water in crude oil.