美国联邦法规采用标准的探讨与启示

在法规中采用标准是美国制定技术法规的主要方式和WTO/TBT的要求.NTTAA、OMB Circular A-119、美国《贸易协议法1979》和(法规)采用(标准)规章1 CFR Part 51构成了美国联邦法规采用标准的法制.介绍了联邦法规采用多种种类的标准和法规采用标准的来源.认为美国联邦法规制定实践中奉行实用主义采用标准的方式.文章认为,法规采用标准立法、法规制定中采用多种形式标准和标准的多种来源、法规采用标准严谨的规定是标准化的最大动力,是美国标准化对中国标准化改革、实现国际接轨、标准化法制建设和改革标准体系的启示.

A Probe into the Standards Incorporated by Reference in American Federal Regulations and its Enlightenment

Incorporating standards in technical regulations by reference is the main way for the United States to develop technical regulations, also the requirements of WTO/TBT. The NTTAA, OMB Circular A-119, the Trade Agreement Act of 1997 and 1 Part CFR 51 "Incorporation by Reference" constitute the United States federal regulations using the standard legal system. The paper introduces a variety of types of standards incorporated by technical regulations and the source of the standards, and points out the practice of the United States federal regulations are a pragmatic approach to the use of standards. The paper deems that there is enlightenment from American standardization which are standards from a variety of sources and the use of various kinds of standard incorporated by reference in regulations, regulations adopt standards strictly and regulations are the maximum prompting power of standardization, for Chinese standardization reform, including standard internationalization, standardized legal system and standard system reform.