Water-cooled probe technique for the study of freeze lining formation |
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Authors: | Karel Verscheure Mieke Campforts Frederik Verhaeghe Eddy Boydens Bart Blanpain Patrick Wollants Maurits Van Camp |
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Affiliation: | (1) the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Division of Thermodynamics in Materials Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Heverlee (Leuven), Belgium;(2) Umicore RDI, B-2250 Olen, Belgium |
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Abstract: | Furnace protection by water-cooled freeze linings becomes increasingly important as the metal producing industry attempts
to achieve higher process intensities. Systematic investigations of the growth and the resulting microstructure and compositional
profile of freeze linings are necessary to understand the behavior of freeze linings, their relation with the industrial process,
and their interaction with the wall cooling system. We have developed a technique based on the submergence of a water-cooled
probe into a liquid slag bath. Freeze linings of two industrial nonferrous slags have been produced using this technique and
their growth, microstructural, and compositional profiles as a function of submergence time were determined. Thermodynamic
equilibrium for the investigated slag systems was calculated and compared with the observed microstructures. The freeze linings
form in approximately 15 minutes. Close to the water cooling, the freeze linings are predominantly amorphous in structure.
With increasing distance from the water cooling, the proportion of crystalline phases increases and bath material is entrapped
in the microstructure. Cellular crystals are observed close to the bath. The freeze linings exhibit an approximate homogeneous
composition. The results demonstrate that the technique is a successful tool in obtaining information on the growth, microstructure,
and composition of freeze linings in industrial water-cooled furnaces. |
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