北京旧城社区形态构成的量化分析--对《乾隆京城全图》的解读

由文献考证发现,北京城市社区的历史可追溯到明清。明代社区的基本单位称“铺”;清代社区的基本单位称“牛录”。铺与牛录的依附实体是胡同,胡同的历史即是社区的历史,胡同的文化即是社区的文化。

QUANTIFICATION ANALYSIS OF THE FORMATION OF THE COMMUNITY PATTERN IN THE OLD CITY OF BEIJING:BASED ON QIANLONG MAP

This paper, referring to historical lit-erature written in Chinese and Japanese, discussesthe hierarchical organization of the community struc-ture and then studies the relationship of residentialblock and hierarchic units of community with thedistribution of community facilities. In the MingDynasty, the smallest community unit of Beijing wascalled Pu, and in the Qing Dynasty it called Niru.Hutong was the substance for Pu and Niru in Beijing.The history about Hutong is the history ofcommunity, and the Hutong culture is the culture ofcommunity in the old city of Beijing. The paper illus-trates the formation and historical transformation ofphysical environment of the residential quarters,which, may serve as one important basis to formulateguidelines on the conservation and development ofthe historic environment of Beijing.