超临界CO_2萃取干燥技术及其在饱水文物脱水中的研究进展

饱水文物的脱水干燥是文物保护领域中一个重要的环节,直接关系到饱水文物的存在与否及其品相的高低。超临界CO2萃取干燥技术利用CO2气体在临界温度以上,控制饱水文物内部液体在临界点之上,使气/液界面消失,在无液相表面张力情况下进行的干燥过程。与传统脱水技术相比,超临界CO2萃取干燥技术具有处理周期短、脱水效率高、干燥应力小、脱水过程同时对文物杀菌和清洗等优点。综述了超临界CO2萃取干燥技术及原理、萃取干燥工艺流程,对国内外应用该技术对饱水文物脱水研究进行了简要评述,并展望了其发展趋势。

Development of supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology and its application in dehydration of waterlogged archaeological artifacts

The dehydration of waterlogged archaeological artifacts is an important aspect of heritage conservation areas,which is directly related to conversing quality of the cultural relics.When supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology is employed to dehydrate the relics,the CO2 gas will not be liquefied since the temperature is above its critical point,and gas/liquid interface disappears in the absence of liquid phase relative to the surface tension of the drying process.Superior to the conventional dehydration techniques,supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology has the short-drying processing cycle,high efficiency dehydration,small drying stress,it also can sterilize and clean the cultural relics and so on.It is briefly reviewed in this paper that supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology and principles,extraction drying process.We also intend to introduce the development and trend of the world-wide studies of supercritical CO2 extraction drying technology for dehydration of waterlogged archaeological artifacts,and the development tendency of this technology was also prospected.