常顶换热器腐蚀失效分析及对策

采用光谱法、光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪等手段对某炼油厂蒸馏装置的常顶换热器进行了腐蚀失效分析，分析表明，换热器的成分及组织均符合设计要求，失效的主要原因是由于换热器处于H2S—H2O-HCl腐蚀环境，发生了腐蚀。因此，根据常顶低温部位的腐蚀介质和腐蚀机理，应加强“一脱三注”管理，采取换热器管束材料升级及表面处理等工艺防腐蚀和材料防腐蚀措施，控制并降低系统腐蚀。

Analysis of Corrosion Failure of Atmospheric Distillation Column Overhead Heat Exchanger and Countermeasures

The corrosion failure of overhead heat exchanger system of the atmospheric distillation unit of a refinery was analyzed using spectrometry, optical microscopy, sweep electronic microscope and x -ray diffraction, etc. The analysis showed that the composition and metallography of the heat exchanger met the design specifications. The major culprit of the corrosion failure was H2S - H2O - HCl corrosive environment in which the heat exchanger was operating. Therefore, effective process corrosion prevention and material corrosion protection measures should be adopted such as strengthened ＂One Removal and Three Injections＂ , upgrading of exchanger tube materials and application of surface treatment etc.