2020年北京市售食用菌中重金属含量及健康风险分析

目的 检测北京市售食用菌中重金属含量并进行健康风险评测。方法 采用随机采样的方法,选取北京市售常见新鲜食用菌,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱对食用菌中重金属砷、镉、铅、汞含量进行检测；采用靶标危害系数法 (target hazard quotients, THQ),评估人体每日通过食用菌摄入重金属所带来的健康风险。结果 共采集食用菌样品5类42份,重金属砷、镉、铅、汞含量均未超过国标限量要求,其中香菇中各种重金属的含量相对较高,各种重金属在不同种类食用菌中含量差异变化较大；儿童、成人摄入食用菌中重金属的THQ值和总THQ值依次递减。不同年龄人群膳食摄入食用菌中砷、镉、铅、汞的THQ值均＜1。结论 本次采集的北京市售食用菌中砷、镉、铅、汞的含量均未超标,通过膳食途径摄入食用菌中重金属的健康风险较低。

Heavy metals content and human health risks of edible mushrooms sold in Beijing

Objective To detect the content of heavy metals in edible fungi sold in Beijing in 2020 and carry out health risk assessment. Methods Random sampling method was adopted, common fresh edible fungi sold in Beijing were selected. The content of heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in edible fungi were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The target hazard quotient (THQ) method was used to evaluate the health risk caused by human daily intake of heavy metals through edible fungi. Results A total of 42 samples of 5 types of edible fungi were collected. The content of heavy metals arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury did not exceed the national standard limit. Among them, the content of various heavy metals in Lentinus edodes was relatively high, and the content of various heavy metals in different kinds of edible fungi varied greatly. The THQ value and total THQ value of heavy metals in edible fungi ingested by children and adults decreased in turn. The THQ values of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in edible fungi were less than 1. Conclusion The content of arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury in edible fungi sold in Beijing in 2020 does not exceed the standard, and the health risk of ingesting heavy metals in edible fungi through diet is low.