Abstract: | The simple criterion proposed by Chandnani and Epstein (1984, 1986) for stable spouting, dor/dp ≤ 25.4, is shown to give a good separation between gas-solid systems which form permanent jets and those that bubble, for a wide range of experimental data reported in the literature. The criterion is suggested as a necessary but not sufficient condition for permanent jet formation in fluidized, spout-fluid and spouted beds. |