热等静压法制备大尺寸铝基碳化硼复合材料及性能研究

采用热等静压法制备铝基碳化硼复合材料(Al-B4C)板材,测试板材的密度和抗拉强度,并观察复合材料的微观组织和拉伸断口形貌。结果表明,Al-31%B4C(质量分数)板材的尺寸为3 mm×200 mm×5000 mm;Al-31%B4C复合材料的相对密度大于99.69%,抗拉强度大于300 MPa,断后延伸率大于3%,B4C颗粒均匀分布在基体中,并与基体紧密结合;Al-B4C复合材料板材的力学性能符合工程用中子吸收材料的要求。比较含不同质量分数B4C颗粒(10%、15%、20%、25%、30%、31%、35%、40%)的Al-B4C复合材料性能,当B4C质量分数为10%~40%时,随基体中B4C颗粒含量的增加,Al-B4C复合材料的密度和相对密度均逐渐降低;当B4C质量分数为10%~35%时,随基体中B4C颗粒含量的增加,Al-B4C复合材料的抗拉强度逐渐增大,断后延伸率逐渐降低。

Fabrication and properties of large size aluminum-based boron carbide composites by hot isostatic pressing

The aluminum-based boron carbide composites (Al-B₄C) were fabricated by hot isostatic pressing. The density, tensile strength, microstructures, and fracture morphology of the Al-B₄C composites were investigated. The results show that, the plate size of Al-31% B₄C composites by mass is 3 mm×200 mm×5000 mm; the relative density of Al-31% B₄C composites is greater than 99.69%, the tensile strength is greater than 300 MPa, and the elongation is greater than 3%; the B₄C particles are evenly embedded in the Al matrix, and the B₄C particles are tightly bound to the Al matrix; the physical properties of aluminum-based boron carbide composite plates meet the requirement of the neutron-absorbing materials used in engineering. The physical properties of Al-B₄C composites with different B₄C contents by mass (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 31%, 35%, and 40%)are compared. When the content of B₄C is 10%~40% by mass, with the increase of B₄C content in the matrix, the density and relative density of Al-B₄C composites gradually decrease; when the B₄C content by mass ranges from 10% to 35%, with the increase of B₄C content in the matrix, the tensile strength of Al-B₄C composites gradually increases, and the elongation gradually decreases.