间充质干细胞(MSC)在辐射损伤救治方面的研究进展

随着核能在军事及民用领域的广泛应用,辐射损伤事件的发生机率逐渐增加。辐射会引起机体造血、免疫、胃肠道、肺、皮肤等多种组织器官受损,目前治疗策略对受大剂量照射病人疗效难以令人满意。间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)是一类低免疫原性、适合异体应用、具有多向分化潜能的干细胞。MSC具备独特免疫调节及造血支持功能,能够通过直接分化、分泌一系列细胞因子、生长因子及胞外微囊等方式促进受辐射损伤机体造血重建及受损组织修复,兼顾辐射损伤病人救治过程中造血重建、组织修复两方面的重点及难点问题。近年来MSC在辐射损伤救治方面的研究取得了一些新进展,本文着眼于此作一综述,以期为辐射损伤的救治提供一些参考。

Research progress of mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of radiation injuries

The probability of radiation incidences is increasing with the widespread use of nuclear energy in the field of military and civilian. Radiation exposures result in a variety of tissue injuries, including hematopoietic and immune system, gastrointestinal tract, lung and skin etc. Current treatment strategies had a dissatisfactory efficacy on victims who received lethal radiation dosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are low immunogenicity and suit for allogeneic application. MSCs have the capacity to differentiate a variety of cells and unique immunomodulatory effect and hematopoietic supporting capacity. MSCs can enhance hematopoietic reconstitution and tissue repair after irradiation through their differentiation capacity and paracrine effects. Herein, the recent research progress about the effect of MSCs on radiation injuries is systematically reviewed.