Kaolin/ZrO2复合纳米粉体制备及性能研究

以Zr (NO₃)₄·5H₂O为锆源, 利用水热法分别制备ZrO₂和kaolin/ZrO₂复合纳米粉体, 采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪分析了样品的微观形貌及特性, 使用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了样品的吸光特性, 利用Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET)气体吸附法(氮气吸附)测定并计算了样品的比表面积。结果表明, 经过400℃煅烧后, kaolin/ZrO₂表面微球颗粒较纯ZrO₂更加均匀、单一, 不存在成块团聚体; 两种样品均存在介孔结构, ZrO₂主要以无定形形式存在, 但样品中都存在少量的四方相ZrO₂; 在波长190~800nm范围内, kaolin/ZrO₂纳米粉体吸光率均高于纯ZrO₂, 并且其BET比表面积也比纯ZrO₂高19.05m2·g-1, kaolin/ZrO₂纳米粉体在防紫外光特种材料制备及光催化处理工业废水等方面具有更大的优势与潜力。

Study on preparation and properties of kaolin/ZrO2 nanopowders

The ZrO₂ and kaolin/ZrO₂ nanopowders were prepared by hydrothermal method, using Zr(NO₃)₄·5H₂O as the zirconium source. The properties and microstructures of the obtained powders were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) nitrogen adsorption method. In the results, both ZrO₂ and kaolin/ZrO₂ samples show the nanoscale microspheres with the mesoporous structure, and the surface microspheres of kaolin/ZrO₂ after calcination at 400℃ are more uniform without agglomeration; the ZrO₂ mainly exists in amorphous form, but a small number of tetragonal ZrO₂ phases are present in these two samples. The absorbance of kaolin/ZrO₂ nanopowders is stronger than that of pure ZrO₂ in the wavelength ranging from 190 to 800 nm, and the BET specific surface area is 19.05 m2·g-1 higher than that of pure ZrO₂. The results indicate that the kaolin/ZrO₂ nanopowders have the greater advantages and potential in the preparation of ultraviolet specific materials and photo-catalytic treatment industrial wastewater.