高分子聚合物栓塞微球的研究进展

为促进高分子聚合物栓塞微球向更高载药率、药物可控释、多功能化方向发展,综述了栓塞微球的作用机制,以及壳聚糖、海藻酸盐等高分子聚合物作为药物载体材料的制备特性;介绍了乳化交联法、离子凝胶法等栓塞微球制备技术,装载水溶性、脂溶性等药物的载药微球的制备特点。最后指出选择合适的载体材料或者多种材料复合的方式可提高微球载药率,使得药物可控释放,根据所负载药物的特性选择合适的微球制备方法可实现高载药率。认为未来栓塞微球的研究应向多功能化方向发展,如负载靶向化疗药的微球、具有靶向性的微球、缓解栓塞疼痛感或癌痛的微球、具有光热效应的微球、降解速度可控的微球等,可为促进栓塞微球在治疗肿瘤方面的研究与应用提供参考。

Research progress of polymer embolic microspheres

In order to promote the embolic polymer microspheres towards the direction of a higher drug-loading rate, controlled drug release, functionalization. Mechanism of embolic microspheres were reviewed, as well as the application of the polymer such as chitosan and alginate in the drug microspheres preparation. The embolic microsphere preparation methods such as emulsification cross-linking method, and ionic gelation method were introduced, as well as the different preparation characteristics of drug loaded microspheres for water-soluble and lipid-soluble drugs. Finally it is pointed out that the drug loading rate of the microspheres can be improved by selecting suitable carrier materials or multiple composite materials, so that the drug can be released in a controlled manner; suitable preparation methods of microspheres were selected to achieve high drug loading rate according to the characteristics of the loaded drugs; the future studies on embolic microspheres should be developed in the direction of multifunctionalization, such as microspheres with load targeted chemotherapy drugs, microspheres with targeting properties, microspheres that alleviate embolic pain or cancer pain, microspheres with photothermal effect, microspheres with controllable degradation rate, etc., providing reference and support for promoting the research and application of embolic microspheres in the treatment of tumors.