超疏水棉织物制备及其在油水过滤分离中应用

针对目前超疏水材料表面耐久性较差的问题,将十八胺和十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷改性的SiO₂颗粒与聚二甲基硅烷的混合溶液浸涂到棉织物表面制备超疏水棉织物,对其化学成分、表面形貌、接触角、机械耐久性、化学稳定性和油水分离性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:当聚二甲基硅烷添加量为1.0 mL,改性SiO₂颗粒添加3.0 g时,棉织物展现出良好的超疏水性,与水滴的静态接触角为164.5°,其在机械磨损和酸碱环境下表现出良好的稳定性;用超疏水棉织物作为过滤材料,其油水分离效率达90%以上。该超疏水棉织物坚固、环保,易于制造,在油水分离领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Preparation of superhydrophobic coated cotton fabrics for oil-water separation

Aiming at the poor durability of superhydrophobic material surfaces, a durable superhydrophobic coating on cotton fabrics has been fabricated by immersing the fabrics into a solution consisting of SiO₂ particles modified by octadecylamine and dodecyltrimethoxyl, and polydimethylsilane. The chemical composition, surface morphology, contact angle, mechanical durability, chemical stability and oil-water separation performance of superhydrophobic cotton fabric were tested and characterized. The results show that when the addition of polydimethylsilane is 1.0 mL and the amount of modified SiO₂ is 3.0 g, the obtained fabric exhibits excellent superhydrophobic property with a water contact angle of 164.5°. Superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proven to be resistant to mechanical abrasion and acidic and alkaline attacks. In addition, the practical application of the modified fabric for oil-water separation is also demonstrated with a high separation efficiency above 90%. The superhydrophobic cotton fabric developed in this research is strong, environmentally friendly, easy to manufacture, and has broad application prospects in the field of oil-water separation.