二硫化钼/聚氨酯复合纤维膜的制备及其光热转换性能

为制备具有高光热转换效率的纺织材料,采用水热合成法制备了近红外吸收能力强的三维二硫化钼(MoS₂)纳米颗粒,然后添加至聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中,通过静电纺丝方法制备MoS₂/PU复合光热纤维膜。借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等对MoS₂纳米颗粒及MoS₂/PU复合纤维膜的结构和性能进行表征。结果表明:经功率密度为0.8 W/cm²的近红外光照射1 min后,MoS₂/PU复合纤维膜的温度上升10.48 ℃,光热效率达到了31.07%,且经长时间反复升降温后热效应无衰减现象,同时在阳光下照射5 min后,复合纤维膜温度上升比黑色纯PU纤维膜高31%;经高温以及模拟汗液浸渍24 h后,复合纤维膜仍可保持原有强力;该MoS₂/PU复合纤维膜可将光能有效地转换成热能,并具有较好的力学稳定性。

Preparation of MoS2/polyurethane composite fibrous membranes and their photothermal conversion properties

To prepare textile materials with high photothermal conversion efficiency, three-dimensional MoS₂ nanoparticles with strong near-infrared absorption capacity were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. MoS₂ nanoparticles were added to polyurethane (PU) spinning solution, and MoS₂/PU composite photothermal fibrous membranes was prepared by electrospinning. The structure and properties of MoS₂ nanoparticles and MoS₂/PU composite fibrous membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer powder diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The results show that after 0.8 W/cm² near-infrared light irradiation for 1 min, the temperature of MoS₂/PU composite fibrous membranes rises by 10.48 ℃, and the photothermal conversion efficiency was increased up to 31.07%. After a long time of repeated temperature rises and falls, the thermal effect did not decay. At the same time, the temperature rose 31% higher than the black PU fibrous membranes under the sunlight irradiation for 5 min. After high temperature treatment and immersion in simulated sweat for 24 hours, the composite fiber membrane still maintain its original strength. In summary, the MoS₂/PU composite fibrous membranes have excellent photothermal properties. It can effectively convert light energy into heat energy, and maintain excellent structural stability.