芳纶织物基界面光热蒸发材料的制备及其性能

太阳能水蒸发技术作为一种理想的获取淡水资源的方式,具有成本低廉、安全、环保以及太阳能转换效率高等优点。为实现高效稳定的太阳能界面蒸发,以高性能纤维织物芳纶为基底,采用多巴胺原位聚合和活性炭浸涂制备了一种芳纶织物基吸光材料。对改性前后芳纶织物的微观结构、润湿性、吸光性、吸光稳定性和力学性能进行测试与分析,研究芳纶织物基吸光材料蒸发器件的太阳能水蒸发性能。结果表明:经多巴胺和活性炭修饰后芳纶织物的润湿性和吸光性得到显著提高,且具有稳定的吸光性和力学强度;在模拟的一个太阳光强下,芳纶织物基蒸发器件多次循环蒸发实验的蒸发速率稳定在1.81 kg/(m²·h);该蒸发器件可从各类废水中获取洁净水,实现长期稳定的废水处理。

Preparation and performance of aramid fabric-based interfacial photothermal evaporation materials

Solar steam generation technology is one of the most promising techniques for obtaining fresh water because of its low cost, safety, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. In order to achieve efficient and stable photothermal performance of absorbers in the solar interfacial water evaporation system, an aramid fabric with high performance was used as the substrate to prepare the polydopamine and activated carbon modified aramid fabric by in-situ polymerization and dip-coating methods. The microstructure, wettability, light absorption, light absorption stability and mechanical properties of the aramid fabric before and after modification were tested and analyzed, and the solar-vapor generation performance was tested by a self-assembled device. The results show that the modified aramid fabric demonstrates a remarkable improvement in wettability and light absorption, together with stable light absorption and mechanical strength. At one-sun intensity, the steam generation rate of the aramid fabric based evaporation device for multiple cycles is stable at 1.81 kg/(m²·h). The evaporation device used for generating freshwater from wastewater could be used in long-term stable wastewater treatment.