Numerical investigation of hydrothermal performance over perforated conical pin heat sinks

Over the past few decades, researchers have shown significant interest in enhancing the thermal efficiency of heat sinks while simultaneously increasing the power generation capacity of electronic devices and reducing their size. In this study, the focus lies on the originality of employing conical perforated pin heat sinks with multiple perforations (N = 0, 1, 2, and 3) and various conical pins inclination angles (Φ = 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, and 4°). The study aimed to numerically investigate the effects of a perforated conical pin and cone inclination angle on heat transfer, pressure drop, CPU temperature, and hydrothermal performance (HTP) across the heat sinks using a three-dimensional, turbulent flow as k–ω SST model combined with the thermal conjugate model. A validated CFD model is employed to conduct a parametric analysis of the effects of the quantity and placement of circular holes. A summary of the results reveals that Model B3 exhibited the highest HTP value, reaching approximately 1.15 at U = 10 m/s, with a commendable reduction in heat sink mass of over 18%. Ultimately, the perforated conical pin heat sink demonstrates the potential to fulfill the primary objective of this investigation, which is achieving an overall improvement in Nusselt number, CPU temperature, pressure drop, and reduced heat sink mass.