灌排一体化工程对地下水埋深及作物生长影响的研究综述

灌排一体化工程是提高农业水肥利用效率、减小旱涝灾害影响、提高作物产量的重要方式之一,近年来人们逐渐认识到灌溉与排水是紧密相连的两部分,对于农田灌溉排水工程的研究与相关建设也在不断增加。灌排系统从早期提高排水效率,到注重环境影响,逐渐发展为节水灌溉与新型排水技术相结合的灌排一体化工程。灌排一体化工程通过控制灌溉与排水过程,会对土壤含水率和地下水位、地下水矿化度产生一定的影响,改变作物根系土壤水分条件,从而影响作物的水分吸收和生理生长过程,合理的灌排工程可以促进作物的生长,提高产量。我国南北方灌排系统功能存在一定差异,南方以除涝防渗为主,北方则以提高抗旱能力、治理土壤盐渍化为主。同时,我国灌排系统还存在前期投入成本高、运行维护管理不完善、系统操作技术难度高等问题急需解决。未来,灌排一体化工程应朝着管网化、信息化和自动化方向发展,进一步提高田间水肥利用效率,实现灌排现代化。

Literature review on the influence of integrated irrigation and drainage project on groundwater depth and crop growth

The construction of integrated irrigation and drainage project is one of the important measures for increasing water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, reducing the impact of drought and flood disasters, and improving grain yield. In recent years, people gradually realize that irrigation and drainage are two closely connected parts, therefore the research and related construction of farmland drainage projects are increasing. In the early stage of the irrigation and drainage system application, people only focused on improving the drainage efficiency, and then began to pay attention to the environmental impact. Finally, the system developed into the integrated system combining water-saving irrigation and new drainage engineering. By controlling the system operation process, irrigation and drainage integration project will have a certain impact on the soil moisture content, groundwater level salinity, and in turn affect the water absorption and physiological growth process of the crops. A reasonable integrated irrigation and drainage project can promote the growth of crops and increase the yield. The functions of integrated irrigation and drainage project in southern and northern China are different. In the south, waterlogging and seepage control are the main functions, whereas improving drought resistance and controlling soil salinization are the main functions in the north. In addition, there are some issues to be addressed, such as large demand for funds in the early stages, imperfect operation and maintenance management, and technical difficulties in system operation. In the future, the integrated irrigation and drainage engineering should be developed towards the pipe network, informatization and automation, so as to further save agricultural water and reduce fertilizer waste, realize the modernization of irrigation and drainage integration projects.