1955-2014年黄河内蒙古河段水沙变化特征分析

深入剖析黄河内蒙古河段水沙变化特征是研究黄河治理方略、水沙资源配置及重要水利工程布局的前提和基础。为此，以1955-2014年黄河内蒙古河段3个主要水文控制站（巴彦高勒站、三湖河口站、头道拐站）长时序水沙数据为对象，采用水沙年内不均匀性、集中度及变化幅度等指标值，及Mann-Kendall趋势检验和小波分析法，深入探讨了内蒙古河段水沙年内分配与年际的变化特征。结果表明：黄河内蒙古河段水沙序列年内变化表现为输沙量的不均匀程度和集中度比径流量的大，各站径流量集中期多在8、9月，输沙量集中期基本全在8月；水沙序列年际变化表现为水沙量呈显著减少趋势，水沙序列具有多尺度振荡的特点，存在着年际尺度和年代际尺度的周期变化规律。

Characteristics of runoff-sediment variation in Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow River from 1955 to 2014

A thorough analysis of the characteristics of runoff and sediment changes in Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow River is the premise and basis for the study of the Yellow River control strategy, runoff and sediment resources allocation and the layout of important water conservancy projects. So, based on the long time series data of runoff and sediment (1955-2014) from 3 major hydrological control stations (Bayangaole, Sanhuhekou and Toudaoguai) in Inner Mongolia Reach of Yellow River, the indexes of inhomogeneity, concentration and change range of runoff and sediment were analyzed and the annual and inter-annual variation characteristics of the runoff and sediment were investigated using Mann-Kendall trend test and wavelet analysis. The results show that the annual variation of runoff and sediment time series was that the inhomogeneity and concentration degree of sediment discharge was greater than that of runoff, the concentration periods of runoff were mainly in August and September, but those of sediment discharge mostly occurred in August at each station. The inter-annual variation of runoff and sediment rime series showed that the amount of runoff and sediment decreased significantly with the characteristics of multi-scale oscillation and periodic change cycle at inter-annual and inter-generational scale.