装配式建筑部品与构配件认证风险评估研究

在住房城乡建设领域内采用产品认证制度是对传统评价方式的超越，可以有效减少工程质量问题的出现，同时有助于推进装配式建筑产业的发展进程，传递工程质量信任。为保证认证实施的有效性、完整性，认证机构开展装配式建筑部品与构件认证时，应系统地辨识具体认证项目存在的潜在风险问题。在实施部品、构配件产品认证前，认证机构应先对产品特征进行分析，运用风险评估矩阵法和 Borda 序值法进行风险评估，分析影响建筑部品、构配件产品质量和完整性的主要环节和关键因素，确定关键的认证风险因素，并根据风险评估结果提出具有可操作性的风险防范措施。对产品认证过程中存在的各类风险进行了系统的梳理，归纳总结 3 个层次的风险类别:认证活动风险、认证项目风险及其他相关风险（含公正性风险）。同时采用穷举法列出了装配式建筑部品与部件认证主要风险因素，供认证机构参考。

Research on Risk Assessment of Assembled Building Parts andPrefabricated Components Certification

In the field of housing construction in urban and rural areas，the adoption of product certification system is a methodbeyond the traditional evaluation methods，which can reduce the occurrence of project quality problems effectively，help promote thedevelopment of assembly construction industry，and show a message of project quality trust. In order to ensure the validity andintegrity of the certification implementation，certification agencies should systematically identify the potential risks of specificcertification projects when carrying out the certification of assembled building parts and components. Before implementing productcertification for parts and components，certification agencies should first analyze product characteristics，and use risk assessmentmatrix method and Borda ordinal value method for risk assessment. Then, certification agencies should analyze the main links andkey factors affecting product quality and integrity of construction parts and components to determine the key risk factors incertification. According to the results of risk assessment，certification agencies can put forward applicable risk prevention measures.This study systematically sorted out the risks in the process of product certification. Three levels of risk categories are summarized.They are certification activity risk，certification project risk and other related risks (including impartiality risk). The main risk factorsof assembled building parts and components certification are listed by using exhaustive method for certification agencies.