Lessons from the Lollipop: Biotribology,Tribocorrosion, and Irregular Surfaces |
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Authors: | Kyle G Rowe Kathryn L Harris Kyle D Schulze Samantha L Marshall Angela A Pitenis Juan M Urueña Sean R Niemi Alexander I Bennett Alison C Dunn Thomas E Angelini W Gregory Sawyer |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA 3. Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA 4. J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA 5. Institute for Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Abstract: | Biotribology and tribocorrosion are often not included in numerical or computational modeling efforts to predict wear because of the apparent complexity in the geometry, the variability in removal rates, and the challenge associated with mixing time-dependent removal processes such as corrosion with cyclic material removal from wear. The lollipop is an accessible bio-tribocorrosion problem that is well known but underexplored scientifically as a tribocorrosion process. Stress-assisted dissolution was found to be the dominant tribocorrosion process driving material removal in this system. A model of material removal was described and approached by lumping the intrinsically time-dependent process with a mechanically driven process into a single cyclic volumetric material removal rate. This required the collection of self-reported wear data from 58 participants that were used in conjunction with statistical analysis of actual lollipop cross-sectional information. Thousands of repeated numerical simulations of material removal and shape evolution were conducted using a simple Monte Carlo process that varied the input parameters and geometries to match the measured variability. The resulting computations were analyzed to calculate both the average number of licks required to reach the Tootsie Roll® center of a Tootsie Roll® pop, as well as the expected variation thereof. |
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