国家公园入口社区性质、发展特征与 政策需求

入口社区位于国家公园入口附近，其形成与发展均早于国家公园，伴随国家公园发展而成长，旅游服务是入口社区共同特征。保护国家公园生态系统完整性和景观风貌的融合性，精明控制增长，促进产业多元化，维护本地经济持续发展等是国际上国家公园入口社区发展的基本原则；理论上国家公园入口社区是国家公园生态系统服务价值转化的重要依托，是生态产品产业化生产与服务基地，在国家公园与区域协同发展中具有重要的纽带作用，这些理论付诸实践必须有国家相关政策的支持，包括土地政策、资金政策、生态保护与管理政策、社区就业与住房政策、公共服务均衡化政策等。其中土地政策最为关键，在国土空间规划三线划定与控制下农业用地、公益林用地都有最严格的保护要求，入口社区发展空间非常有限，难以承载入口社区可以承担的功能，限制了入口社区发展，制约了保护与发展矛盾的消解。

The Nature, Development Characters and Policy Needs of National Park Gateway Communities in China

The gateway community is located near the entrance of the national park, and its formation and development are earlier than the national park. It grows with the development of the national park, and tourism service is the common feature of the entrance communities. The protection of the integrity of ecosystem and landscape style, smart control of growth, promotionof industrial diversification, and maintaining the local economic sustainable development, are the basic principles of gateway community development of national parks in the world; theoretically gateway community is the transformation base of national park ecosystem services value, the industrialization base of ecological product production and service, and ithe important bridge between national park and surrounding region. These theories play an important role in the coordinated development of national parks and regions. The implementation of these theories must be supported by relevant national policies, including land policy, capital policy, ecological protection and management policy, community employment and housing policy, public service equalization policy, etc. Among them, land policy is the most critical one. Agricultural land and public welfare forest land have the strictest protection requirements under the three-line delineation and control of territorial space planning. Therefore, the development space of gateway community is very limited, and it is difficult to bear the functions that the gateway community can bear, which restricts the development of gateway community and restricts the resolution of the contradiction between protection and development.