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Photocatalytic activities of N-doped nano-titanias and titanium nitride |
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| Authors: | Zhice Zhang Josephine B.M. Goodall David J. Morgan Sonal Brown Robin J.H. Clark Jonathan C. Knowles Nicola J. Mordan Julian R.G. Evans Albert F. Carley Michael Bowker Jawwad A. Darr |
| Affiliation: | 1. Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. School of Electromechanism Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China;3. Special Steel Works, North Heavy Industry Group, Baotou 014033, China;1. CEA, Irfu, Centre d''Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cdx, France;2. CEA, INAC, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble-Cdx-9, France;3. LSPM-CNRS, Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 99 Avenue J.B. Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France;4. UPMC—Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France;5. Institut PPRIME UPR 3346 CNRS, Université de Poitiers—ENSMA, SP2MI—Téléport 2, Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie BP 30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France |
| Abstract: | TiO2 doped with various loadings of nitrogen was prepared by nitridation of a nano-TiO2 powder in an ammonia/argon atmosphere at a range of temperatures from 400 to 1100 °C. The nano-TiO2 starting powder was produced in a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) process involving reaction between a flow of supercritical water and an aqueous solution of a titanium salt. The structures of the resulting nanocatalysts were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. Products ranging from N-doped anatase TiO2 to phase-pure titanium nitride (TiN) were obtained depending on post-synthesis heat-treatment temperature. The results suggest that TiN started forming when the TiO2 was heat-treated at 800 °C, and that pure phase TiN was obtained at 1000 °C after 5 h nitridation. The amounts and nature of the Ti, O and N at the surface were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A shift of the band-gap to lower energy and increasing absorption in the visible light region, were observed by increasing the heat-treatment temperature from 400 to 700 °C. |
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