化肥行业镉问题的进展与建议

化肥中镉的限量越来越受到社会的普遍关注,但其立法过程受到相关利益方的阻碍。本文对欧洲和中国镉问题立法过程进行了回顾和总结,指出磷肥中镉的问题实际是两种观点的博奕:一是施用含镉磷肥和其它镉源有可能带来危害人类健康的风险;二是微量的镉含量对人类和生态不会造成危害。在欧洲,化肥中镉问题的博奕主要在欧委会和欧洲化肥生产协会之间进行;而在中国,博奕发生在中国和美国的贸易政策之间。根据当前中国实际,笔者建议:分阶段建立镉问题标准,降低镉问题风险。即:定性认识阶段,对磷肥中镉含量大于8mg/kg的化肥进行强制性标识;定量认识阶段,对化肥中镉进行限量立法。

Progress in Cd issue of fertilizer industry and some suggestions

The law making to the cadmium limitation in chemical fertilizer is still hindered by some parts of relative interests though the greater and greater attention is paid. According to the review and summary on the course of law making for the cadmium issue, there are two opposite viewpoints involved, one is that the risk on harming human health may be taken for the application of cadmiumcontaining phosphate fertilizer or other cadmium source, the other is that the microcadmium on harming human health and ecology may be ignored. The argument both viewpoints occurs in the Europe, between the European Commission and the European Chemical Fertilizer Production Association, and the same in China between the China's trade policies and the USA's ones. Based on China's national conditions to decrease the risk of the cadmium issue, a suggestion is presented of the step by step establishing the cadmium standard, (i.e.) the first qualitative step of marking sign for the phosphate fertilizer with the cadmium content of more than 8 mg/kg; the second quantitative step of making law for the cadmium limitation in the phosphate fertilizer.