基于区块链技术的车联网高效匿名认证方案

针对车联网（IOV）中心化认证效率低和隐私保护差的问题，提出一种基于区块链技术的高效匿名认证方案。该方案基于IOV开放、自组织、快速移动的特点，利用区块链技术防篡改和分布式的特性来完成车辆临时身份的生成和区块链存储。车辆相互通信时，通过触发智能合约实现高效匿名的双向身份认证。实验结果表明，在认证效率上，与传统公钥基础设施（PKI）认证、假名授权身份认证相比，随着验证量的增加，所提方案的匿名身份认证的时延增长较慢，效率较高；在安全性能上，所提方案中存入区块链的临时身份具有不可篡改、不可否认、可追溯等特点。所提方案中，恶意车辆身份可回溯并进行权限控制，并且，公钥密码体制和数字签名技术保证了通信数据的保密性和完整性。

Blockchain based efficient anonymous authentication scheme for IOV

In order to solve the problems of low efficiency of centralized authentication and poor privacy protection in Internet of Vehicles (IOV), an efficient anonymous authentication scheme based on blockchain technology was proposed. According to the IOV's characteristics of openness, self-organization and fast movement, the tamper-proof and distributed features of blockchain technology were used to realize the generation and blockchain storing of temporary identities of the vehicles. Smart contract was implemented to make efficient anonymous two-way identity authentication while vehicles communicated with each other. Experimental results show that, in terms of authentication efficiency, the proposed scheme has the anonymous authentication with slower time delay growth and higher efficiency compared with traditional Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) authentication and identity authentication scheme with pseudonym authorization; in terms of safety performance, the temporary identity stored in the blockchain has characteristics of non-tampering, nondenying and traceability. In this scheme, the malicious vehicle identity and authority can be traced back and controlled respectively, and the public-key cryptography and digital signature technology ensure the confidentiality and integrity of communication data.