骨科植入材料的研究现状及发展趋势

综述了目前临床使用的主要骨科植入材料的研究现状及发展趋势，详细介绍了各种材料的特点、优势和存在的问题，结合各种材料的特点，介绍了它们的主要用途。本文认为目前用于制造骨科植入器械的任何一种材料（无论是金属或合金、陶瓷、高分子材料或碳质材料）均不能同时满足人体生理环境（良好的生物相容性及稳定性、耐腐蚀性）和关节生物力学环境（良好的力学相容性及强韧性、高疲劳性能和耐磨性）的苛刻要求。现有骨科植入器械的有效使用寿命和功能尚不能完全满足患者的要求，有待材料研究专家和临床医学专家共同努力解决。最后，阐述了骨科植入材料的未来发展方向。

Research Status and the Orthopaedic Development Trend of Implant Materials

In this paper the status and development trend of the primary orthopaedic implant materials used in current clin- ical application were summarized. The characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of various materials were analyzed, and their main application was described. It argues that any kinds of materials which used in the clinical application at present （whether metal or alloy, ceramic, polymer or carbonaceous materials） can not satisfy the strict requirements in human bocly physiological environment （good biocompatibility and stability, corrosion resistance） and joint biomechanics environment （good mechanics compatibility, high toughness, high fatigue properties and wear resistance） at the same time. The effective service life and function of the existing orthopaedic implants can not completely meet the patient requirements. It needs materi- al research experts and medical experts work together to solve. Finally, the future development direction of the orthopaedic implant materials is also discussed.