自锁式油管泄油锚定器的研制与应用

油管泄油和锚定是有杆泵采油系统必不可少的配套设备，用来防止环境污染及提高抽油泵泵效。文章提出了一种自锁式油管泄油锚定器，将这2种传统上分离实现的功能有机地结合在一起，节约了材料成本。它利用油井油套压差自动推动轴向活塞上移撑开锚瓦，实现锚定。靠井口旋转油管实现泄油和解锚，锚定力大且具有锚定自锁功能，锚定、泄油和解锚可靠。该泄油锚定器采用液压阻尼机构有效防止下井过程中由高压水击等现象引起的中途锚定，采用压缩弹簧辅助解锚，采用单向下行锚瓦方便油管起出油井、防止因锚瓦不能内收而造成的油管起出困难，甚至油井大修。现场205井次的试验表明，自锁式油管泄油锚定器操作简便，施工容易，性能可靠。

Self-lock type tubing draining and anchoring device

For the purpose of environmental protection and pump efficiency improvement, tubing draining and anchoring is necessary for sucker rod pumping. This paper presents a self-lock type tubing draining and anchoring device, which integrates tubing draining and tubing anchoring into one piece. The pressure difference between tubing and casing is used to actuate its axial piston upwards and subsequently the radial slip outwards to anchor the tubing onto the casing wall. When tubing is necessary to be pulled out of the well, rotating the tubing on surface can easily drain oil out from tubing into tubing/casing annulus, anchor being released at the same time. The device is characterized by reliable anchor, oil drainage and release. It applies hydraulic damping to prevent the tubing from being anchored halfway, a spring to aid in its release, and slips which stop only downward movement to facilitate tubing pull in case the anchor fails to be released. Field tests on 205 wells show that the self-lock type tubing draining and anchoring device is simple to operate and of reliable performance.