Continuous Synthesis of Tin and Indium Oxide Nanoparticles in Sub- and Supercritical Water |
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| Authors: | Zhen Fang Hassane Assaaoudi Roderick I. L. Guthrie Janusz A. Kozinski Ian S. Butler |
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| Affiliation: | Energy &Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Mining, Metals and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2; Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B2 |
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| Abstract: | Nanocrystalline tin and indium oxides (In2O3/SnO2) were synthesized in sub- and supercritical water at 350°/380°C and 30 MPa in <73 s in a tubular flow reactor from an aqueous solution of {SnCl4+InCl3} (0.2 M ). The conversion rate for tin was 100%. Nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), emitted X-rays, Raman, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction techniques. The bulk particles were composed of In, Sn, and O atoms, and made up of cubic In2O3 (10 nm) and tetragonal SnO2 (5.5 nm) crystals. After calcination at 500°C for 2 h, little change occurred in the particle size and crystal phase. Traces of tin-doped indium oxide particles were also formed as confirmed by the TEM electron diffraction pattern. Using this one-step, high-temperature hydrothermal process, oxide nanoparticles can be continuously and conveniently produced in a well-controlled process. |
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