我国水生态格局与保护现状

我国流域水循环支撑的河流、湖沼湿地以及河口近岸海域,生态系统类型复杂。针对我国水生态保护方面存在的问题提出对策,一是水生态自然保护区的部分生态需水过程不能保障,区域生态用地问题凸显,建议加强水生态保护区上游的水利工程调度管理,尽快开展最小生态用地的研究与管理;二是水生态保护区部门分割,完整性差,需要整合不同目标的水生态保护区,以生态系统进行保护,纳入水功能区,实行以流域为单元的统一管理。

Water ecology pattern and protection in China

In China, ecosystems of rivers, lakes, marshes, wetlands and ocean bodies near river mouth or seashore that relied on water cycle of river basin are of various types and complicated. Measures of water ecology protection are put forward facing to the existed problems. First, it is suggested to optimize management of waterworks in the upstream of protection zone and initiate studies and governance of the smallest ecological land use, in order to secure ecological water demand and land use. Second, ecological protection should be integrated into water function zoning and managed by taking river basin as one unit for integration of varied targets of water ecology protection zone, in order to overcome obstacles as a result of segmentation of governmental administration.