Pheromone-based Mating and Aggregation in the Sorghum Chafer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pachnoda interrupta</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Jonas M Bengtsson Satya Prabhakar Chinta Yitbarek Wolde-Hawariat Merid Negash Emiru Seyoum Bill S Hansson Fredrik Schlyter Stefan Schulz Ylva Hillbur |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Plant Protection Biology,Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,Alnarp,Sweden;2.IASMA Research and Innovation Center, Fondazione E. Mach,San Michele all’Adige,Italy;3.Institute of Organic Chemistry,Technische Universit?t Braunschweig,Braunschweig,Germany;4.Department of Biology,Addis Ababa University,Addis Ababa,Ethiopia;5.Department of Plant Sciences,Wollo University,Dessie,Ethiopia;6.Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology,Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology,Jena,Germany |
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Abstract: | Adults of the sorghum chafer, Pachnoda interrupta Olivier (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae), form aggregations during the mating period in July, but also in October.
The beetles aggregate on food sources, e.g., Acacia spp. trees or sorghum with ripe seeds, to feed and mate. During the mating season, field trapping experiments with live beetles
as bait demonstrated attraction of males to unmated females, but not to mated females or males, indicating the presence of
a female-emitted sex pheromone. Unmated females combined with banana (food source) attracted significantly more males and
females than did unmated females alone. Other combinations of beetles with banana were not more attractive than banana alone.
Thus, aggregation behavior appears to be guided by a combination of pheromone and host volatiles. Females and males were extracted
with hexane during the mating period, and the extracts were compared by using GC-MS. In a field trapping experiment, 19 compounds
found only in females were tested, both singly and in a mixture. Traps baited with one of the female-associated compounds,
phenylacetaldehyde, caught significantly more beetles than any other treatment. However, the sex ratio of beetles caught in
these traps did not differ from that of control traps, and it is possible that other components may be involved in the sex
pheromone signal. Furthermore, traps baited with a mixture of all 19 compounds attracted significantly fewer beetles than
did phenylacetaldehyde alone. |
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