双孢蘑菇复合生物保鲜剂的制备及其在贮藏保鲜的应用

为开发安全新型的双孢蘑菇复合生物保鲜剂，对3大类、12种常见生物保鲜剂进行择优筛选试验，筛选出对双孢蘑菇白度、开伞度、质地、发粘度、气味有较好保护作用的保鲜剂，并探讨抗坏血酸（Vc）、乳酸链球菌素（Nisin）和卡拉胶复合生物保鲜剂对双孢蘑菇采后贮藏保鲜效果。经筛选发现，Vc、Nisin和卡拉胶对延缓双孢蘑菇褐变发生有较好效果，然后将三者进行复合优化，表明Vc 0.80 g/L、Nisin 0.40 g/L和卡拉胶5.40 g/L制备的复合生物保鲜剂效果最优，在贮藏末期白度值高于阴性对照（CK）21.32%。与对照组相比，复合生物保鲜剂处理显著降低双孢蘑菇贮藏期间的失重率和腐烂率，抑制硬度下降，延缓多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性的增强，加快总酚含量峰值出现并促进酚类物质积累，促进ABTS阳离子自由基清除率峰值出现，并且可有效延缓菇体抗氧化能力的降低。试验结果表明，Vc-Nisin-卡拉胶复合生物保鲜剂对双孢蘑菇贮藏品质具有良好的保护作用。该研究可为开发新型安全高效的双孢蘑菇复合生物保鲜剂提供参考和依据。

Preparation of Compound Biological Preservative for Agaricus bisporus and Its Application in Storage and Preservation

In order to develop new and safe compound biological preservative for Agaricus bisporus, 3 categories and 12 kinds of common biological preservative were selected through the optimal screening experiment, and the preservative with better protective effect on the whiteness, opening degree, texture, hair viscosity and smell of Agaricus bisporus was screened out. The effects of ascorbic acid (Vc), Nisin and carrageenan on the preservation of Agaricus bisporus after storage were investigated. After screening, it was found that Vc, Nisin and carrageenan had a good effect on delaying the Browning of Agaricus bisporus. Then the optimization results showed that the compound biological preservative prepared by Vc 0.80 g/L, Nisin 0.40 g/L and carrageenan 5.40 g/L had the best effect. The whiteness value at the end of storage was 21.32% higher than that of the negative control (CK). Compared with the control group, the compound biological preservative treatment significantly reduced the weight loss rate and decay rate of Agaricus bisporus during storage, inhibited the decline of hardness, delayed the enhancement of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, accelerated the peak of total phenol content and promoted the accumulation of phenols, promoted the peak of ABTS cation free radical clearance, and effectively delayed the reduction of antioxidant capacity of Agaricus bisporus. The results showed that the Vc-Nisin-carrageenan compound biological preservative had a good protective effect on the storage quality of Agaricus bisporus. This study can provide reference and basis for developing new, safe and efficient compound biological preservative of Agaricus bisporus.