Mode and modal transfer effects on performance and discourse organization with an information retrieval dialogue system in natural language |
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| Affiliation: | 1. France Telecom, 2 Avenue Pierre Marzin, 22307 Lannion cedex, France;2. CRPCC, University of Rennes II, France;3. Laco, CNRS, University of Poitiers, France;1. Music and Audio Research Group, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Center for Interactive Media Art and Technology, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Republic of Korea;1. Technische Universität Chemnitz, Institute for Media Research, Thüringer Weg 11, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany;2. Universität Tübingen, Institute of Media Studies, c/o Irene Gust, Wilhelmstraße 50, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany;1. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States;2. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States;1. Department of English, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;2. Department of English, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;1. Department of Cognitive Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary;2. Department of Philosophy, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | This paper describes an experiment on the effects of learning, mode of interaction (written vs. spoken) and transfer mode on user performance and discourse organization during interaction with a natural language dialogue system. Forty-eight participants took part in a series of 12 dialogues with an information retrieval system presented either in the written or the spoken mode during the first six dialogues. The next six dialogues were then presented either in the same interaction mode or in another mode. The analysis of the results showed that performance (time, number of effective turns) improved throughout the dialogues whatever the mode of interaction. Nevertheless, performance was higher in the written mode. Moreover, mode-specific characteristics were observed. These consisted in greater use of subject pronouns and articles in the spoken mode. Similarly, in the spoken mode, the users found it easier to re-use the formulations presented in the system speech than in the written mode. Furthermore, the analysis also revealed a positive transfer effect on performance and discourse organization when the individuals first interacted in the spoken mode and then in the written mode. Both positive and negative transfer effects were observed when the individuals interacted first in the written mode followed by the spoken mode. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of direct and indirect consequences of modality effects on natural language dialogue interaction. |
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