Bifunctional oxygen/air electrodes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China;1. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey;2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey;1. Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 50-1 Sang-Ri, Hyeongpung-Myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea;2. Electrochemical Energy Laboratory & Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;1. Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;3. Electron Microscopy Group of Materials Science, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;4. Advanced Instrumentation for Ion Nano-Analytics (AINA/MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg;5. Engineering Department, Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Mannheim, Coblitzallee 1-9 68163 Mannheim, Germany;6. Institute of Electrochemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany;1. State Key Lab. of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. School of Mechanical-electronic and Automobile Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;2. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;3. Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council, 4250 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada;4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China;5. Nanoscience Research Group, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK;6. Institute of Innovative Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, 259-1292, Japan |
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| Abstract: | A selective review on the materials and construction principles used for bifunctional oxygen/air electrodes is given. The discussion emphasizes the catalytically active materials used for the construction of these electrodes, which are a key component in electrically rechargeable air breathing electrochemical systems. Whereas, in acid electrolytes normally noble metal catalysts must be used, there is a possibility to use less expensive transition metal oxides in alkaline electrolytes. Typical transition metal oxides have the perovskite, pyrochlore and spinel structure. |
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