Dynamic behaviour of SOFC short stacks |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Industrial Energy Systems (LENI), Faculty of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;2. HTceramix S.A., 18 Avenue des Sports, CH-1400 Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland;1. Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Energy Research, 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Advanced Energy Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-350, Republic of Korea;1. Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Av. Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;2. Institute of Industrial, Radiophysical and Environmental Safety (ISIRYM), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain;1. Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25b, 8010, Graz, Austria;2. AVL ListGmbH, Hans-List-Platz 1, 8020, Graz, Austria;3. Fraunhofer Institute of Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany;1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, Department of Physical Chemistry and Modelling, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;2. National Research Council, Institute for Energetics and Interphases, Genova Department, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genoa, Italy;1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;2. Division of Building Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;1. Center for Fuel Cell Innovation, School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China;2. Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Electrical output behaviour obtained on solid oxide fuel cell stacks, based on planar anode supported cells (50 or 100 cm2 active area) and metallic interconnects, is reported. Stacks (1–12 cells) have been operated with cathode air and anode hydrogen flows between 750 and 800 °C operating temperature. At first polarisation, an activation phase (increase in power density) is typically observed, ascribed to the cathode but not clarified. Activation may extend over days or weeks. The materials are fairly resistant to thermal cycling. A 1-cell stack cycled five times in 4 days at heating/cooling rates of 100–300 K h?1, showed no accelerated degradation. In a 5-cell stack, open circuit voltage (OCV) of all cells remained constant after three full cycles (800–25 °C). Power output is little affected by air flow but markedly influenced by small fuel flow variation. Fuel utilisation reached 88% in one 5-cell stack test. Performance homogeneity between cells lay at ±4–8% for three different 5- or 6-cell stacks, but was poor for a 12-cell stack with respect to the border cells. Degradation of a 1-cell stack operated for 5500 h showed clear dependence on operating conditions (cell voltage, fuel conversion), believed to be related to anode reoxidation (Ni). A 6-cell stack (50 cm2 cells) delivering 100 Wel at 790 °C (1 kWel L?1 or 0.34 W cm?2) went through a fuel supply interruption and a thermal cycle, with one out of the six cells slightly underperforming after these events. This cell was eventually responsible (hot spot) for stack failure. |
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