Water flooding and two-phase flow in cathode channels of proton exchange membrane fuel cells |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Enhanced Heat Transfer and Energy Conservation, Ministry of Education of China, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022, PR China;2. Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Heat Transfer and Energy Conversion, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100022, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, China;2. Department of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada;1. German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;2. Helmholtz Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Helmholtzstraße 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, A.C., Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kun Shan University, No. 949, Da Wan Rd., Yung-Kang City, Tainan Hsien 710, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC;3. Advanced Technology Division, Shun On Electronic Company Limited, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC;1. Energy Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hawolgok-dong 39-1, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea;1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | The water flooding and two-phase flow of reactants and products in cathode flow channels (0.8 mm in width, 1.0 mm in depth) were studied by means of transparent proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Three transparent proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different flow fields including parallel flow field, interdigitated flow field and cascade flow field were used. The effects of flow field, cell temperature, cathode gas flow rate and operation time on water build-up and cell performance were studied, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the liquid water columns accumulating in the cathode flow channels can reduce the effective electrochemical reaction area; it makes mass transfer limitation resulting in the cell performance loss. The water in flow channels at high temperature is much less than that at low temperature. When the water flooding appears, increasing cathode flow rate can remove excess water and lead to good cell performance. The water and gas transfer can be enhanced and the water removal is easier in the interdigitated channels and cascade channels than in the parallel channels. The cell performances of the fuel cells that installed interdigitated flow field or cascade flow field are better than that installed with parallel flow field. The images of liquid water in the cathode channels at different operating time were recorded. The evolution of liquid water removing out of channels was also recorded by high-speed video. |
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