Dependence of high-temperature PEM fuel cell performance on Nafion® content |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;2. Ionomem Corporation, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;1. División de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, 76010 Querétaro, Mexico;2. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, 76703 Querétaro, Mexico;3. CNR-ITAE, Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l’Energia “Nicola Giordano”, Via S. Lucia sopra Contesse, 5-98126 Messina, Italy;4. División Académica, Universidad Tecnológica de Corregidora, 76900 Querétaro, Mexico;5. Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Siglo XXI, 96160 Zacatecas, Mexico;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;4. Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;5. Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia;6. Catalysis Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran;1. School of Automotive Studies, 4800 Caoan Road, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China;2. Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China;1. Department of Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan;2. Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, No. 1, University Rd., Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City 824, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Operating a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell at elevated temperatures (above 100 °C) has significant advantages, such as reduced CO poisoning, increased reaction rates, faster heat rejection, easier and more efficient water management and more useful waste heat. Catalyst materials and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) structure must be considered to improve PEM fuel cell performance. As one of the most important electrode design parameters, Nafion® content was optimized in the high-temperature electrodes in order to achieve high performance. The effect of Nafion® content on the electrode performance in H2/air or H2/O2 operation was studied under three different operation conditions (cell temperature (°C)/anode (%RH)/cathode (%RH)): 80/100/75, 100/70/70 and 120/35/35, all at atmospheric pressure. Different Nafion® contents in the cathode catalyst layers, 15–40 wt%, were evaluated. For electrodes with 0.5 mg cm?2 Pt loading, cell voltages of 0.70, 0.68 and 0.60 V at a current density of 400 mA cm?2 were obtained at 35 wt% Nafion® ionomer loading, when the cells were operated at the three test conditions, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted to evaluate the electrochemical surface area. The experimental polarization curves were analyzed by Tafel slope, catalyst activity and diffusion capability to determine the influence of the Nafion® loading, mainly associated with the cathode. |
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