The capacitive characteristics of activated carbons—comparisons of the activation methods on the pore structure and effects of the pore structure and electrolyte on the capacitive performance |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, No.1, Lien Da, Kung-Ching Li, Miao-Li 360, Taiwan;2. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National United University, Miao-Li 360, Taiwan;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621, Taiwan;1. College of Environment and Chemical Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Hollow-Fiber Membrane Materials and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China;2. College of Chemistry, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China;3. College of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, PR China;1. Ministry-Province Jointly-Constructed Cultivation Base for State Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-Ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;2. Material Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. Department of Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Dubois, PA 15801, USA;4. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;1. Catalytic Processes and Materials, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Laboratory of Thermal Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Fir wood-derived carbons activated with steam, KOH, and KOH + CO2 were found to exhibit the high-power, low ESR, and highly reversible characteristics between −0.1 and 0.9 V in aqueous electrolytes, which were demonstrated to be promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. The pore structure of these activated carbons was systematically characterized by the t-plot method based on N2 adsorption isotherms. Activated carbons prepared through the above three activation methods under different conditions (i.e., the gasification time of CO2, KOH/char ratio, and activation time of steam) generally showed excellent capacitive performance in aqueous media, mainly attributed to the development of both micropores and mesopores (with the meso-pore volume ratio, Vmeso/Vpore, ranging from 0.18 to 0.52). Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) photographs showed that the surface morphologies of honeycombed holes were found to depend on the activation methods. The average specific capacitance of the activated carbon with a combination of KOH etching and CO2 gasification (with gasification time of 15 min) reached 197 F g−1 between −0.1 and 0.9 V in H2SO4. The capacitive characteristics of steam- and KOH-activated carbons in NaNO3 and H2SO4 could be roughly estimated from the pore structure and BET surface area although the correlation may be only applicable for the fir wood-derived activated carbons. |
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