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Electricity consumption,employment and real income in Australia evidence from multivariate Granger causality tests
Affiliation:1. Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;2. Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. Department of Statistical Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;4. Department of Management Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;5. College of Business, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract:This paper examines the relationship between electricity consumption, employment and real income in Australia within a cointegration and causality framework. We find that electricity consumption, employment and real income are cointegrated and that in the long-run employment and real income Granger cause electricity consumption, while in the short run there is weak unidirectional Granger causality running from income to electricity consumption and from income to employment.
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