Extraction kinetics of alunite in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Department of Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;1. School of Physics and Technology, Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People’s Republic of China;2. Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA;3. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada;4. General Motors Research and Development Center, Warren, MI, USA;5. ORNL National Lab, Materials Science and Technology Division, One Bethel Valley Rd., PO Box 2008, MS-6156, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA;1. Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic;2. Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RENTECH-UniCRE, Chempark Litvínov, Záluží-Litvínov, 436 70, Czech Republic;1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China;2. People''s Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450053, PR China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Extraction kinetics of alunite in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were studied in a batch reactor. The effects of reaction temperature, acid concentration, particle size, calcination temperature, calcination time and KF/Al2O3 molar ratio on the extraction process were investigated. Experimental studies were carried out in the ranges of 35–95 °C for reaction temperature, 0.25–3.0 M for sulfuric acid, 0.5–0.6 M for hydrochloric acid, 76–182 μm for average particle size, 100–900 °C for calcination temperature, 15–60 min for calcination time and 0.15–0.90 for KF/Al2O3 molar ratio. The calcination temperature was the most important parameter affecting the extraction process followed by reaction temperature, particle size and acid concentration. Others had less effect. It was determined that the extraction process is controlled by diffusion through a product layer. The activation energies of the processes were found to be 19.1 and 18.5 kJ/mol for sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, respectively. The apparent rate constants were similar for both acids and found to be a function of acid concentration as C0.33 and particle size r−0.8. |
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