氧化物陶瓷阻氚涂层的研究进展

利用阻氚涂层(TPB)降低结构材料中的氚损失,是聚变堆发展中的热点研究之一。陶瓷具有低氚渗透性、耐腐蚀性、高硬度和高热稳定性等特性,是目前聚变堆阻氚涂层首选材料。相对于硅化物、钛基等非氧化物陶瓷材料,氧化物陶瓷涂层具有熔点高、化学性质稳定、耐腐蚀性和阻氚渗透因子(PRF)高等优势,因此针对氧化物陶瓷阻氚涂层的研究较多。主要综述了单一氧化物陶瓷、复合氧化物陶瓷阻氚涂层近年来的研究现状与发展,如Y2O3、Er2O3、Al2O3等及其复合氧化物陶瓷材料,其中,因Al2O3及其复合物涂层具有优异的阻氚性能,得到了广泛的关注和研究。重点阐述了制备工艺、基体效应和辐照等影响氧化物陶瓷涂层阻氚性能的因素及氚在材料中的渗透机制,并分析了当前阻氚涂层在材料制备以及模拟服役环境等方面存在的不足与今后的研究重点,指出了未来可能的氧化物陶瓷阻氚涂层,以期为阻氚涂层的研究与后续实验提供一定的方向。

A Review on Oxide Ceramics for Tritium Permeation Barriers

Tritium permeation barrier(TPB)has been always a hot topic in the development of D-T fusion reactor,which is used for the reduction of tritium permeation through structural materials.At present,ceramic materials are the first choice for TPB due to their low tritium permeability,corrosion resistance,high hardness and high thermal stability.Comparing to the non-oxide ceramics,oxide ceramics have advantages of high melting point,stable chemical properties,corrosion resistance and high permeation reduction factor(PRF),therefore,they have been widely studied as TPB.In this paper,the status and developent of the single and composite oxide ceramics as TPB are reviewed respectively,like Y2O3、Er2O3、Al2O3 and their composite,especially Al2O3 and its composite, which have been widely studied because of its excellent tritium resistance. This papermainly analyzed the factors of influencing the performance of TPB and the mechanism of tritium permeation, includingpreparation technique, matrix effect and irradiation. In addition, the short comings of TPB in material preparation and serviceenvironment simulation are analyzed, the future priorities including the possible oxide ceramics as TPB are predicted to providecertain directions for the research and subsequent experiments.