Leaching techniques to remove metals and potentially hazardous nutrients from trout farm sludge |
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Authors: | Jung I S Lovitt R W |
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Affiliation: | a Centre for Complex Fluid Processing (CCFP), School of Engineering, Swansea University, Talbot building, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK b Multidisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (MNC), School of Engineering, Swansea University, Talbot building, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP, UK |
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Abstract: | A fish farm sludge high in P (2-6% w/w as dry matter), Fe (5-7%), C (40-50%) and N (0.8-4%) was subjected to a series of acid leaching treatments using HCl, organic acids, and biologically mediated acid production. Additions of biodegradable organic acid solubilized heavy metals better than HCl, while additions of 1.5% w/v glucose followed by 7 day incubation stabilized the sludge releasing 92% P, 100% Fe. The use of homo-lactic Lactobacillus plantarum starter cultures were more effective than hetero-lactic Lactobacillus buchneri, solubilizing 81.9% P, 92.2% Fe, 93.0% Zn and 96.4% Ca in the sludge. The anaerobic sludge-glucose fermentation using L. plantarum produced a leached sludge that has low heavy metal and nutrient content while affording the recovery of nutrients. The potential of these methods for practical application are briefly discussed. |
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Keywords: | Metal leaching Nutrient leaching Phosphate Sludge Lactobacillus buchneri Lactobacillus plantarum Recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) |
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