空间均化水文模型及其验证

本文基于空间均化方法构建了空间均化水文模型SAHM.该模型采用基于空间均化方法建立的宏观尺度水文控制方程描述了计算单元内入渗、壤中流和坡面汇流等基本水文过程,在方程中直接包含了土壤饱和导水率和微地形的空间非均匀性,使SAHM在保持传统"点"尺度方程机理性的同时从理论上避免了方程适用尺度和模型应用尺度的不匹配问题.模型在半干旱半湿润的沁河流域上游进行了验证,并对模型参数敏感性进行了分析,结果 表明,模型具有较高的计算精度和计算效率,可用于大中尺度流域水文模拟、水资源评价和洪水预报.

Spatial averaging hydrological model and its validation

A spatial averaging hydrological model (SAHM) is established. In this model a set of macro scale equations which based on spatial averaging approach are adopted to describe the infiltration, interflow and surface flow etc, and the heterogeneity of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and micro topography within the model computation units (MCU)are incorporated into such equations. By this method the problem of incompatibility between scale of equation adoptability and scale of model application caused by nonlinearity of hydrological processes and heterogeneity of watershed landscape can be avoided. The validity of the model is verified by the hydrological data of the upper Qinhe River basin located in semi arid area. It is found that the SAHM is capable of predicting stream flow with high computational efficiency and high accuracy, and is suitable for hydrological simulation, water resources assessment and flood forecasting of mid scale watershed.