间歇性输水条件下塔里木河下游地下水时空变化模拟

为确定适宜的输水策略以实现塔里木河下游地下水位的快速抬升，提高生态系统的恢复力，运用GMS软件构建了塔里木河下游地下水动态模拟模型，设计单阶段、双阶段和多阶段输水情景模拟预测了地下水对不同输水情景的时空响应特征。结果表明：制定输水策略时应保证年输水量大于有效水量，当输水总量一定时，延长输水时间、扩大输水间隔有助于地下水位的快速抬升；最佳输水策略是以1月和3—11月为输水期分两个阶段输水4 500万m³;地下水埋深和水位变化量沿河道对称分布，地下水埋深与距河道两侧距离成正比，地下水位变化量和抬升量与时间成反比。

Simulation of spatiotemporal variation of groundwater in lower reaches of the Tarim River under intermittent water transportation conditions

In order to determine an appropriate water delivery strategy, achieve the rapid rise of the groundwater level in the lower reaches of the Tarim River, and improve the resilience of the ecosystem, this paper uses the GMS software to construct a dynamic simulation model of groundwater in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and simulates and predicts the spatiotemporal response characteristics of groundwater to single-stage, two-stage, and multi-stage water delivery scenarios. The results show that the formulation of a water delivery strategy requires that the annual water delivery volume is greater than the effective water volume. When the total amount of water delivery is constant, extending the water delivery time and expanding the water delivery interval are conducive to the rapid rise of the groundwater level. The best water delivery strategy is to transport 45 million m³ of water in two stages, with January and March to November as the water conveyance periods. The groundwater depth and water level variation are symmetrically distributed along the river channel. The groundwater depth is proportional to the distance from the two sides of the river channel, and the groundwater level change and elevation are inversely proportional to the time.